Cognitive Reserve as Neuroprotection for Cognitive Functions in Individuals With Clinical Hypertension

Abstract

Clinical hypertension is associated with impaired neuropsychological functioning. While cognitive reserve (CR) delays neurocognitive decline, CR’s neuroprotective effects on the association between clinical hypertension and cognitive function has not been studied intensively. This study examined CR’s moderation impact with cognitive performance in 150 individuals normotensive and hypertensive recruited in Michigan and Illinois and evaluated whether this relationship is moderated by CR. Participants were assessed with a neuropsychological battery, WASI-II, completed self-report measures on their leisure activities, spiritual and religious behaviors, and health measures. A CR-factor combing IQ, years of education, occupational prestige, and spiritual and religious behaviors significantly revealed a moderation effect of CR on the association between clinical hypertension and cognitive function. Participants with hypertension older than 72.5 years showed greater neuroprotection. These findings suggest a neuroprotective effect of CR, against poor cognitive performance in individuals with clinical hypertension, particularly in older individuals with longer duration of the disease.